The healthcare environment, including both the structure (e.g., walls, floors) and medical equipment or devices, can become a reservoir for potentially pathogenic microorganisms, especially for susceptible individuals. This condition is primarily the result of the dispersion of the human microbiota and its subsequent survival, sometimes for extended periods, on surfaces contaminated with dust, organic, and inorganic substances, further facilitated by biofilm formation. Sanitization, and in certain conditions, disinfection, are the primary measures to prevent and control this risk. When delegating these activities to an external provider, a risk assessment must be conducted based on the areas or surface types and their usage. It is also necessary to define an intervention methodology, establish a process monitoring system, and assign responsibilities for control and monitoring. Some elements, such as equipment or medical devices with specific characteristics (e.g., electrical connections, critical surfaces), require cleaning, disinfection, or sterilization by internal staff.