Air contamination with lindane is the result of pesticide application and dust emissions from production facilities. Lindane enters water through agricultural and forestry use, precipitation, and to a lesser extent occasional pollution of wastewater from manufacturing plants. Lindane can be released into the soil by direct pesticide application. Lindane is mobile, and as a result of atmospheric transport over long distances, it is deposited worldwide. Current exposure of the general population occurs mainly through diet. The largest number of data refer to non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Its urinary metabolites are chlorophenols.