Nowadays, it is important to denaturalize and make visible historical practices that perpetuate asymmetries of power in the field of health and mental health, questioning biological, androcentric, binary, sexist, and (cis)heteronormative discourses, especially in the face of the recognition of the complexity and diversification of gender as a system of social organization that influences asymmetries and inequalities. Also, in terms of understanding that there is a key rupture in the binary worldview of gender, and a rethinking around how many other structures exist that, in interaction with the gender system, create totally different, dynamic, and changing realities. In this way, the objective of this chapter is to offer a general overview of the issue of health in the Latin American Region, to problematize how this field has been approached under the interweaving of different systems of domination/exploitation in the psi disciplines and the effects that this has had both on the understanding of health and on practices—policies and actions aimed at addressing them, exposing the different epistemic violence and injustices, as well as inequalities, particularly toward people and groups, historically and systematically more vulnerable. Finally, the text underpins a series of reflections and proposals that, under a critical, intersectional, and decolonial gender approach, seek to bet on other ways of thinking and approaching health in the region.