The chapter aims to contextualize the health situation in Latin America and the Caribbean, addressing the conditions that determine the deep inequalities present on various levels, which impact the health and well-being of the population. From the perspective of social determinants, it progresses in showing how various critical approaches emphasize the social determinants of health conditions, from a complex approach that recognizes health as a process where biological, ecological, historical, social, and contextual aspects converge. The impact of coloniality, patriarchy, and capitalism processes challenges us to consider health as a multidimensional phenomenon that requires the integration of connected perspectives to understand the complexity of the health and disease process in light of the territories and specific needs of individuals, families, and communities. Additionally, it outlines a consistent path with Latin American realities.