This study investigates the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) as a foundational tool in promoting sustainability and circular economy practices in drinking water treatment systems. Despite the critical role of water purification infrastructure in environmental protection and public health, it has been comparatively underexplored within LCA frameworks. Through a bibliometric analysis, the research highlights the nascent yet expanding interest in integrating circular economy principles within this sector. Key findings from reported case studies about implementing circular strategies in this sector, such as energy efficiency, byproduct valorization, and advanced treatment technologies must significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance resource recovery, and improve the overall environmental performance of this part of the water infrastructure. Moreover, these studies underscore the importance of LCA in advancing sustainable and efficient drinking water systems, aligning with global sustainability goals, and enhancing the management and preservation of vital water resources.