Microwave heating functions by converting electromagnetic energy into heat, which uniformly permeates the entire volume of the material undergoing heating. This process allows for the consistent and thorough removal of moisture from clay materials, even at lower temperatures, thereby reducing both the time and energy expenditure involved. In this study, we harnessed microwave heating to physically modify bentonite. Subsequently, we incorporated the modified bentonite as a partial replacement for carbon black content in polymer materials. Characterization of the physically modified bentonite was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal analysis. Furthermore, the rheological and physical and mechanical properties of the polymeric materials were analyzed to assessment the influence of microwave modification of bentonite on the polymer matrix. In the assessment of polymeric materials, the QUV Accelerated Weathering Tester was also employed to evaluate their durability under various environmental conditions. The results indicated that substituting conventional fillers with bentonite microwave modification in polymer materials resulted in enhanced strength and ductility when compared to polymer materials containing unmodified bentonite.