This chapter explores the latest advancements in surgical techniques for joint prosthesis installation and reconstruction, highlighting the significant role of biomedical engineering. It emphasizes the evolution of surgical methods, material science, and advanced imaging technologies in the field of orthopedics. By enhancing prosthesis design, prolonging their lifespan, and refining surgical accuracy, these innovations are transforming patient outcomes. The integration of artificial intelligence in medical imaging and tissue engineering presents new possibilities for personalized therapies and regenerative medicine. The analysis focuses on the global adoption of these developments, with a specific emphasis on the current contributions and challenges within Mexico. It also highlights a groundbreaking, globally patented therapy for cartilage regeneration, showcasing its potential in treating joint damages.