Methodology for the Development of Numerical Modeling of Different Human Anatomical Structures
摘要
Throughout history, the human body has been studied and analyzed from different perspectives, applying different techniques that only allowed obtaining basic knowledge about its functioning. Initially, dissections were developed on human corpses to visualize shapes and textures of organs, which later led to naming and classifying anatomical structures that make up the human being. Currently, various computational tools and medical equipment have been developed to facilitate the visualization of internal structures of the human body. This work proposes, in a general way, a methodology that exposes the process of developing three-dimensional models of various biological systems from computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), obtaining internal images of the human body, and making use of using CAD-type computational tools, the identification of images in the different planes (coronal, sagittal and transverse) is carried out to carry out the process of constructing a 3D model of the desired biological elements as complex and precise as the user requires it. It represents a flexible process since the fundamental steps are mentioned to virtually replicate various biological tissues such as cortical bone, trabecular bone, cartilage, ligament, muscle, pulp, or dentin, presenting a model that is as real as possible in terms of its geometry and its location in the human body, regardless of the gender, age, height, weight of the individual, among other factors. The models that replicate the anatomical morphology are considered biomodels. Their development plays an essential and novel place in the area of medicine because, for their development, it is not necessary to perform invasive procedures that compromise the physical integrity of the patient, representing an alternative to the ethical and moral issues that arise when carrying out experimental research with living beings, in addition to saving time, economic and material resources. Biomodels improve the understanding of anatomical structures’ functioning and study different pathologies that affect the human body. Likewise, biomodels are beneficial for studies on optimizing endoprostheses, endoprostheses, and various implants by proposing different materials that behave biocompatible with the human body. Additionally, with biomodels, surgical techniques can be proposed that optimize the treatment or replacement of any biological organ or tissue compromised by some pathology’s action.