This chapter comprehensively examines migration dynamics in Latin America from the nineteenth century to 2024, focusing on the socioeconomic, political, and environmental forces shaping these movements. It begins with early migration waves, including European immigration and internal rural-urban migration triggered by early twentieth-century economic transformations. The narrative highlights pivotal migration periods, such as mid-twentieth-century industrialization, political conflicts, and economic crises of the 1970s and 1980s, and delves into various migration theories, including push-pull factors and transnational social networks, emphasizing the significant impact of globalization. From the 1990s onward, the chapter details how economic instability, violence, and natural disasters have driven millions to seek opportunities abroad, with notable intra-regional migration to neighboring countries. A major focus is the Venezuelan migration crisis beginning in 2015, highlighting the humanitarian challenges faced by host countries such as Colombia and Peru. The chapter also addresses migration patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic, illustrating how border closures and public health measures altered flows and forced immobility, while some countries implemented regularization programs for migrants. It assesses the socioeconomic impact of migration, including remittances, labor market effects, and migration policies aimed at managing flows and protecting migrant rights. Furthermore, it underscores the role of regional and international cooperation, such as PAHO’s health initiatives for migrants, offering a comprehensive understanding of migration’s evolving role in shaping Latin America’s development.