In the coastal provinces of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, fisheries are the dominant sector in total local product with shrimp farming and processing bringing the greatest economic value. However, this is also an industry sector that generates large amounts of wastewater but has high pollution concentrations exceeding the threshold required. Therefore, this study aims to assess the current situation of shrimp farming in Bac Lieu province which is known as the shrimp capital of Vietnam and evaluate the wastewater issue from shrimp farming and shrimp processing activities and then suggest potential methods which could apply to treat this kind of wastewater sources. The study was done through desk examination using the descriptive method, describing the characteristics that systematically determined. White-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is identified as the key product accounting for almost 100% of the province’s export turnover. For solely super-intensive shrimp farming, it is estimated that around 4667 million cubic meters of wastewater will be generated in 2025, and its concentration was also calculated. The potential solutions for wastewater generation were identified including wastewater treatment combined with water circulation, biological pond solely, aeration pond combined with biological pond, constructed wetland, anaerobic digester combined with biological pond (for shrimp farming wastewater), USBF tank, three-stage aerobic rotating biological cage, five-stage Bardenpho tank combined with an USBF tank, submerged aerobic biological filter tank, and biogas digester (for shrimp processing wastewater). Despite their usefulness, none of the identified technologies had a comprehensive and holistic method that considered all the aspects of technology, society, environment, and institutions.