Air pollution is a current public concern, and anxiety is an alarming environmental issue. Industry is the second largest contributor of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions after the power generation sector. Two hundred fifteen million tons of CO2 have been released (37% of total emissions in Indonesia—2021 data). One of the contributors to pollution in big cities comes from the production of CO2 generated from industrial activities. Utilizing trees to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is one of the solutions to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, this solution has shortcomings, considering that the activity of trees to absorb carbon dioxide emissions takes a long time from tree seedlings to become medium trees, so exhaust gases from industry are still released into the atmosphere, while the forest location is far from industrial sources. Therefore, a smart solution is needed to solve this pollution problem. Microalgae production, on a pilot or industrial scalePilot-scale operations, needs to consider many things, starting from strain improvement, contamination control, daily maintenance, process control in microalgae cultivation, processing unit operations, tools, socio-economic considerations, regulations, environment, and innovation. Challenges and opportunities related to these aspects are discussed to improve high-quality production yields and tight contamination control for efficient and sustainable microalgae production. A case study of a start-up in Indonesia focusing on tropical green microalgae production will be discussed as an example of a community’s efforts to undertake large-scale microalgae production within limited space and resources. With a focus on current research and future trends, this book chapter provides a comprehensive view of large-scale microalgae production and recommendations for moving the industry forward.