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Pheromone-based systems, integral to Integrated Pest Management (IPM), are effective for monitoring coconut pests like the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (CRB) and Red Palm Weevil (RPW). These systems leverage synthetic insect pheromones to attract and trap pests, allowing for early detection and control. By exploiting insects’ natural communication pathways, pheromone traps help reduce pest populations and minimize reliance on chemical insecticides, enhancing ecological sustainability. However, several challenges hinder the widespread implementation of these systems. Species-specific pheromone formulations can increase complexity and cost, especially for plantations facing multiple pests. Environmental factors such as temperature and UV exposure degrade pheromone efficacy over time, while the financial burden may limit adoption by smallholder farmers. Additionally, effective deployment requires extensive knowledge of pest biology and monitoring techniques, which underscores the need for farmer education and capacity-building efforts. Despite these obstacles, recent advances in pheromone synthesis, slow-release technologies, and integration with biological controls, such as combining pheromones with fungal pathogens, present opportunities to improve the efficiency of these systems. Real-world applications highlight the success of pheromone traps, as seen in Hawaii, Solomon Islands, and Guam, where trapping systems have been crucial in monitoring CRB infestations and informing management strategies. Trap design, placement, and maintenance are critical to their effectiveness, and continuous monitoring is required to assess pest population dynamics and the efficacy of control measures. This chapter underscores the potential of pheromone-based monitoring as a cornerstone of IPM for coconut agriculture, offering a path to more sustainable pestPest management and improved crop productivity. The success of these systems relies on continued research, innovation, and farmer empowerment through education and capacity-building initiatives.

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Pheromone-Based Monitoring System in Coconut: Principles, Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Its Role

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Jelfina Constansje Alouw,
  • Nurindah,
  • Meldy L. A. Hosang

摘要

Pheromone-based systems, integral to Integrated Pest Management (IPM), are effective for monitoring coconut pests like the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (CRB) and Red Palm Weevil (RPW). These systems leverage synthetic insect pheromones to attract and trap pests, allowing for early detection and control. By exploiting insects’ natural communication pathways, pheromone traps help reduce pest populations and minimize reliance on chemical insecticides, enhancing ecological sustainability. However, several challenges hinder the widespread implementation of these systems. Species-specific pheromone formulations can increase complexity and cost, especially for plantations facing multiple pests. Environmental factors such as temperature and UV exposure degrade pheromone efficacy over time, while the financial burden may limit adoption by smallholder farmers. Additionally, effective deployment requires extensive knowledge of pest biology and monitoring techniques, which underscores the need for farmer education and capacity-building efforts. Despite these obstacles, recent advances in pheromone synthesis, slow-release technologies, and integration with biological controls, such as combining pheromones with fungal pathogens, present opportunities to improve the efficiency of these systems. Real-world applications highlight the success of pheromone traps, as seen in Hawaii, Solomon Islands, and Guam, where trapping systems have been crucial in monitoring CRB infestations and informing management strategies. Trap design, placement, and maintenance are critical to their effectiveness, and continuous monitoring is required to assess pest population dynamics and the efficacy of control measures. This chapter underscores the potential of pheromone-based monitoring as a cornerstone of IPM for coconut agriculture, offering a path to more sustainable pestPest management and improved crop productivity. The success of these systems relies on continued research, innovation, and farmer empowerment through education and capacity-building initiatives.