Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic viral illness caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) which belongs to the family Poxviridae. Infection is transmitted to humans after exposure to an infected animals’ biologic fluids and lesions or via human-to-human contact. Most cases of the disease are self-limiting, with supportive care. Antiviral therapy should be considered in patients with severe manifestations of the disease and those with lesions near the mouth, eyes, and genitals. Other patients in which antiviral treatment is recommended include all children, women who are pregnant, or breastfeeding, and those who are immunocompromised. Safe and effective vaccines for the prevention of Mpox are available and recommended for those at increased risk of infection.