Deadwood dynamics presumes prime significance in several aspects varying from enriching forest soil nutrients, micro/macrofaunal diversity, protective soil cover, and microhabitat to a remarkable role in mitigating climate change. Several extrinsic and intrinsic factors regulate the process of production, fall, and decay of deadwood. Among intrinsic factors, xylophagous insects along with micro- (fungi and bacteria) and macropedo fauna (termites) play a significant role in the decomposition process. Wood and bark traits are other factors of importance that are regulated by stoichiometry which certainly affect microbial requirement and activity. Synchronization between microbial activities and biophysical factors (optimum temperature and precipitation) occurs at different phases of deadwood decay. Ecoregion specificity causes consequent variability in the decay rates as well as differential behavior to the climate adversities. Therefore, this chapter aims to summarize the current scientific insights on deadwood patterns, processes, and their implications in addition to its shreds on deadwood dynamics in natural and managed forests from different ecoregions of the world.