India, in 2023, surpassed China to become the most populous country. The geographical area of India is comparatively lower, and it is the seventh-largest country in terms of total geographical area (TGA). However, it supports more than 17% of the global population. Due to the extreme population pressure, large-scale urbanization, growing infrastructure, and rapidly growing economy, the pressure on existing forests is increasing. Prompt corrective measures have been taken to ensure the safekeeping of existing forest resources, and its positive effects have been observed in many parts of the subcontinent. However, challenges still exist, especially in the northeastern parts of the country where, due to cultural factors and population pressure, the area under forest cover is still declining at an alarming rate. Considering all these factors, the present chapter tries to shed light upon the past trends, the current status, and future directives in the context of the two significant challenges, i.e., deforestation and forest degradation.