Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in various fields, including oral health. At the beginning of this chapter, readers are provided with basic information about machine learning (ML) tasks, deep learning models, and selected metrics. In addition, privacy issues and adversarial attacks are briefly discussed before delving into the applications of AI in oral health. The primary objective of this chapter is to review the applications, benefits, and challenges of integrating AI and specifically ML into oral health, including the detection of oral cancers, dental caries, periodontitis, and other conditions. The available evidence suggests that ML enables early detection, accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment planning, and a better prediction of outcomes. In addition, AI tools reduce the likelihood of human error, thus improving standards in patient care while possibly lowering costs.