Techno-Economic Feasibility of an Innovative Hybrid Solar-Rainfall Harvesting System for Agriculture and Residential Application in Sudan
摘要
Population growth and climate change have increased demand for energy and water, resulting in shortages in both. Hence, a hybrid solar-rainfall harvesting system can be an alternative solution to meet water and energy demands in an economical, effective, and environmentally friendly path. Therefore, the techno-economic feasibility of a patented hybrid renewable energy harvester system for residential and agricultural usage is investigated in this study. This system can be installed on top of an existing house to collect rainwater and produce electricity from sustainable sources. In this study, Dongola, Kassala, Rabak, Al Qadarif, and Zalingei were selected based on monthly rainfall during the peak rainy season in the country. The monthly and annual rainfall data in the chosen locations were analyzed and the potential volume of rainwater (PVR) is estimated. The results demonstrated that Dongola has the lowest PVR value (260m3/year), while Zalingei has the greatest, with values of 1721 m3/year. Moreover, the findings show that the annual energy production of the 4 kW grind-connected PV system is within the range of 47.37 (Kassala)-56.03 MWh (Zalingei). Besides, the shortest and longest simple payback is recorded in Dongola (2.82 years) and Al Qadarif (10.47 years), respectively. Consequently, various rainwater collection capabilities help to reduce the country's water problem, preserve water, and reduce the electricity shortage by supporting hybrid energy systems. Additionally, they contribute to accomplishing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDGs 6 and 7 (Clean Water and Sanitation and Affordable and Clean Energy, respectively) in the country.