Thoracic trauma is a significant concern in emergency medicine, encompassing a wide array of injuries to the chest wall, lungs, heart, and major vessels. These injuries often result from incidents such as motor vehicle collisions, falls, or penetrating wounds, leading to complications like aortic injury, cardiac trauma, or pulmonary contusions. Timely recognition and effective management are crucial for improving patient outcomes in these cases. Recent advancements in diagnostic imaging, particularly MDCT, have enhanced the ability to detect thoracic injuries accurately and efficiently. Minimally invasive techniques have also evolved, providing new treatment options that can reduce recovery times and associated risks. Despite these developments, the complexity of thoracic trauma continues to present challenges, requiring a multidisciplinary approach and careful consideration of each patient’s unique circumstances. This chapter offers a comprehensive exploration of thoracic trauma, examining the mechanisms of injury, clinical presentations, and current strategies for diagnosis and management. Each section delves into specific types of injuries—including acute traumatic aortic injury, pneumothorax, and chest wall trauma—highlighting the importance of precise diagnostics and collaborative care. By understanding these critical aspects, readers will gain valuable insights into the effective treatment of thoracic injuries and the ongoing advancements shaping trauma care today.