Many authors have pointed to the existing different perspective on normative systems between “orthodox”, or historically hegemonic, Islamic doctrine, and the “modern” thinking of western origin. A morality based on revelation and therefore partially static, is opposed to another one more secular and dynamic by which the individuals are not limited to apply and interpret God’s commandments but also to question and modify the established norms by means of their reasoning. However, this dichotomy must be qualified by recognizing the traditional pragmatic and empirical orientation of many Muslim jurists, the historically variable and partial obedience of populations to religious mandates, and the influence of other codes like traditions or governmental justice. This work is aimed at exploring the roots of this difference and its prospects for overcoming. Iwill analyze the most rooted conceptions about the nature of human being, society and morality by resorting specially to classical authors such as Gardet, Grunebaum, Soroush or Watt, and to traditionally predominant thinking styles among Muslim intelligentsia with Arkoun and Al-Jabri. Likewise, I will try to provide our analyses with greater depth by using critically piagetian theories on cognitive and moral development.