Ameliorated Standardization Framework for Post-Quantum Cryptographic Algorithms
摘要
The security ensured by cryptographic protocols, in use today, would no longer be enough to thwart the malicious intentions of adversaries due to the advancement of quantum computers. Quantum algorithms like Shor’s algorithm [1] and Grover’s algorithm [2] have already been implemented, albeit on a much smaller scale system, to demonstrate their effects on currently used cryptographic standards. This has led to the development of post-quantum cryptographic schemes which can be categorised into one of lattice-based, code-based, hash-based, multivariate, or supersingular elliptic curve isogeny. Apart from classical adversaries, these cryptographic schemes needs to be robust against quantum adversaries. Hence, various standardization bodies (NIST [3], ETSI [4], etc.) have initiated research towards the development, implementation and deployment of post-quantum cryptographic standards. However, each of the standards considered individually has only a discrete set of criteria that do not help evaluate the post-quantum cryptographic algorithm from all perspectives. This motivated us to design an exhaustive, comprehensive and complete framework for quantum-attack resistance evaluation of a cryptographic algorithms. In this paper, we provide an ameliorated framework for standardizing post-quantum cryptographic algorithms comprised of an exhaustive, comprehensive, and complete set of criteria. These criteria have been complied with from the available standardization work. The framework is exhaustive because it comprises criteria corresponding to all the security notions. It is comprehensive because the framework includes criteria pertaining to both theoretical and implementation aspects. Since the framework put forth the criteria required for evaluating symmetric and asymmetric algorithms, it is considered to be complete. This ameliorated framework is the research contribution of this paper.