Building on HalbertalHalbertal, M.’s distinction between primary and secondary shameHalbertal, M.Primary versus secondary shame (and against Nussbaum’s notion of “primitive shameNussbaum, M.Primitive shame”), the chapter offers a two-tiered analysis of shame comprising two distinct forms of normative self-failing. On the one hand, the shame felt when our privacy is deliberately violated, when our body or innermost thoughts and feelings are unwillingly exposed, and on the other, the very different kind of shame caused by failure to live up to norms we are committed to. The two will be shown to be hierarchically related, and despite their reflexive nature, their different dependence on others will be explored. In addition the chapter addresses the impoverished picture of personhood offered in Bernard WilliamsWilliams, B.’s Shame and Necessity. It ends with a consideration of a third form of non-reflexive shame.