This article outlines the role of image analysis using AIArtificial Intelligence (AI) in the Pharmaceutical Industry, especially for clinical research and development. The focus is on relevance and impact image-based AIArtificial Intelligence (AI) may have in the industry, particularly how it may help solving challenges in clinical developmentClinical Development, taking into account recent achievements and trends in machine learningMachine Learning. The state-of-the-art in computational analysis of optical coherence tomographyOptical coherence tomography (OCT) involves deep learningDeep learning techniques to segment OCT images into relevant anatomical structures and quantify tissue phenotypes to help characterize disease status. With the introductionIntroduction of these techniques, OCT quantification has been improved, leading to more reliable diagnosis and treatment outcomes, as well as as well training of predictive models on the quantified features, or directly on the input images.