The applications of Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence (AI) are slowly beginning to take over tasks into the field of ophthalmologyOphthalmology that until recently required a trained clinician to perform. Given their exceedingly level of high performance, many are inclined to trust the results provided by such programs, without much insight into how these results were accomplished. The exponential advancement of AIArtificial Intelligence (AI), especially in topics such as Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Generative AIGenerative AI expanded the use cases and the capabilities of AIArtificial Intelligence (AI), triggering boarder concerns and capabilies of the impact and usability of such technologies in the area of Ophtalmology. This chapter comprehensively elucidates the basic principlesBasic principles and latest updates of Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence (AI) to help ophthalmologists get a feel for the strengths and limits of the techniques, as well as how they may use them in clinical practice.