Regular feedback is essential for students and residents to achieve expected competencies. But what should be done when learners do not show improvement despite being given appropriate feedback? There are many barriers to helping these learners progress: attending physicians are busy, clinical rotations are short, and it can be emotionally taxing to embark on remediation. Yet remediation is necessary to help our learners succeed. This chapter presents strategies to recognize when there is a need for remediation, diagnose the type of learner deficit, and build an appropriate action plan.