Effects of Electromagnetic Waves on Bees’ Lives: Implications for SDG 15 (Life on Land) and SDG 13 (Climate Action)
摘要
This study describes a field experiment conducted in the south of Lebanon, the Jabal Amel Municipal Union. The impact of electromagnetic waves (EMW) was investigate, notably those generated by the LTE (Long-Term Evolution) mobile system, on honeybee health and navigation ability. This study explores the relationship of EMW with magnetite nanoparticles present in bees, which have a significant part in their navigation. Applying super-paramagnetic simulations and complex mathematical platforms, the resonance frequency of these nanoparticles was calculated, and it was discovered that smaller particles produced larger frequencies. The results were confirmed using obtained data from experiments within the Halictus bees’ normal range observed (20–40 nm). The study examines the EMW radiated by a long-term evolution system, which penetrates severely into these nanoparticles, resulting in energy absorption and consequent heat generation - a phenomena described by the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Experimental evidence validated the hypothesis that these nanoparticles had considerable SAR, particularly in the microwave section of the EM spectrum. The SAR associated with these nanoparticles, as well as the consequences for bees, underscore the need of finding solutions to limit the effects of EM radiation on these critical pollinators.