Land Development in Land Policy Processes: Actors and the Dominance of the Pipe-Line Effect
摘要
An analysis of differences and similarities of actors involved in land policy throughout Europe is the main topic of this chapter. The analysis shows that despite the differences in context situations that there are many similarities in the behavior of public, as well as private actors. We discovered that during the long running time of land development projects- programs and/or processes all over Europe, the actors involved depend heavily upon each other. This interdependency limits the scope of choices for each actors, which can be considered the main cause for this similarity. On top of that, the sum of all limiting conditions is determining the room to maneuver for actors, which is often sharply decreasing in time. This is what we would like to call the “pipe-line-effect”. The result of which is that there are little possibilities for actors to adapt to changing circumstances: all actors suffer more or less under the same ‘tyranny of the now’. During development processes all actors try to adapt to changing circumstances. At the same time there is a urgent need for (policy) consistency. Surprisingly, the case-studies show that private parties do better in that respect than public parties.