According to the International Energy Agency, transport sector accounts for more than a third of CO2 global total emissions. Inside this sector, road transportation contributes with almost 75% of the emissions, followed by aviation with 12%. In spite of the fact that the contribution of aviation is small, the growth forecasts indicated that it could significantly be increased. Due to this, the aviation sector established goals and strategies to achieve its decarbonization and ensure its sustainable development. These strategies include improvements in the efficiency of engines, operational measures, emissions market trade, and also sustainable aviation fuels. Among all of them, the production and use of sustainable aviation fuel is the most promising to be implemented in the short term, as no modifications or replacement of the existing aircraft is required. This biofuel can be produced from any biomass through several production processes. Therefore, in this chapter, a future outlook regarding what has been done and where the efforts need to be focused is discussed.