This research work examines contemporary trends in the modeling and updating of energy conversion and utilization technologies within Ukraine’s energy sector. It identifies key requirements for the sector, including energy stability, the adoption of new energy generation technologies, smart energy management, and autonomous energy sources. Emphasizing the role of systemic innovation and the transition to renewable energy, the chapter leverages scenarios from the International Energy Agency and IRENA to underscore the shift toward sustainable energy. It proposes multi-agent and economic-mathematical models to optimize efficiency and production forecasts, with a focus on Ukraine’s path to increasing its renewable energy share by 2050. The research also investigates innovation diffusion through models such as the Bass and logistic models and discusses the evolution of technological paradigms. It advocates for integrating dynamic models into problem-oriented software-information systems to enhance energy system modeling. A generalized economic-mathematical model for hierarchical energy systems is proposed to optimize the long-term renewal and operation of energy components, particularly with renewable sources. The chapter highlights the importance of reliable and efficient energy supply systems for sustainable development and the necessity for specialized modeling tools to address both economic and technological criteria. Recommendations for software tools and methodologies to improve energy system optimization and forecasting are provided, supported by a comprehensive set of references on renewable energy and energy markets.