Oil and gas shales, and gas hydrates are hydrocarbon resources exploited in the last two decades. They have large potentials to replace the conventional fossil resources in the future. The conventional resources are the present day hydrocarbon plays produced from the porous and permeable sediments like sandstones and carbonates. However, the potential of oil shales, for example, is far greater than the conventional resources, and the total production is less than about 73% of the daily crude oil production.