Over the last few decades, the waste products from urban and industrial activities have significantly increased worldwide. Solid waste includes all materials of solid consistency in their normal state resulting from human activities and discarded. Liquid wastes refer to chemically complex effluents that result from human activities. Solid waste recovery and recycling is an approach that reduces pollution related to the toxicity of waste, saves raw materials, and preserves the Earth's natural resources. Electronic waste, for instance, is considered one of the essential materials to be recycled because it contains different precious metals, such as Ag, Pt, Au, Pd, and Rh, and other metals, such as Cu, Hg, and Cd, which are known for their hazardous effects on human health and the environment. Recovering metal methods from liquid or solid wastes are based on physicochemical methods that use toxic chemicals and are energy-consuming. In response to stricter regulations and environmental concerns, research efforts are oriented toward practical and sustainable solutions to recover waste-containing metals. Biological-based methods (bioleaching, bioaccumulation, biosorption, biomineralization, etc.) using different groups of microbes offer a promising, eco-friendly, and effective approach to recovering metals from industrial and urban solid or liquid wastes. Thus, this chapter mainly focuses on current knowledge about the application of different mechanisms of bio-recovery to different waste-containing metals.