The research aims to study the labor market of the Russian Federation in industries related to the development of the digital economy—the “periphery.” During the research, the authors assessed the current situation in the labor market in Russia and discovered a link between labor market indicators and the share of enterprises operating in the digital economy on the “periphery.” As the main trend of economic development, digitalization affects the processes associated with labor resources. This research is based on the results obtained during the implementation of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation provided to the authors. The methodological basis of the research is presented by general scientific methods and methods of economic and mathematical modeling. The main problem of the labor market in 2023 is the shortage of labor resources. Dividing the sectors of the digital economy into the “core” and “periphery,” attention is paid to the industries of the second level of digitalization. According to the results, changes in the “periphery” of the digital economy are accompanied by changes in the labor market. To study the “core” level of the digital economy and assess its relationship with the labor market, statistical indicators are required that differ from those used in the research. The research shows that the “periphery” of the digital economy is characterized by low values of labor market indicators.