The analysis of Russian and foreign housing construction markets shows that wood is widely used for the construction of low-rise buildings. From January 1, 2022, Russia introduced a ban on the export of unprocessed wood, which will allow about 6 million m3 of coniferous wood to be processed within the country. Along with this, in 2023, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation approved a plan for the development of wooden housing construction until 2024, which includes a large volume of development and research work aimed at ensuring fire, mechanical, and seismic safety of objects made of wooden structures, as well as developing regulatory standards database and design documentation for the construction of houses. Thus, given the availability of natural wood reserves, using wood in house construction presents a promising opportunity for providing Russian residents with affordable housing. In the near future, we can expect the intensive development of technologies aimed at expanding the use of wood in domestic house construction. As a building material, wood has several advantages over materials traditionally used for housing construction. These advantages include environmental friendliness, good thermal insulation properties, ease of working with materials, manufacturability of building assembly, and cost-effectiveness. In this regard, the research provides information on the impact of various types of building materials on the energy efficiency of residential buildings and assesses the ESG potential of replacing some of them with wooden structures.