The effect of declining biodiversity and ecosystem services are adversely affecting traditional communities by aggravating disparities among various social groups, leading to escalation of poverty and social discord. However, the livelihood of indigenous communities still signifies a strong synergy between nature and culture. In addition to habitat conservation efforts, the local and indigenous communities of Northeast India have habitually been engaged in safeguarding various plant species in their homesteads. The traditional agroforestry systems of Northeast India demonstrated the preservation of the rich and diverse bio-resources for both its consumptive and non-consumptive values. The present study incorporates the traditional utilization of plant species for sustenance, cultural, medicine, and adornment by the ethnic communities like Bodo, Mishing, Sonowal-Kachari, Karbi, Assamese-speaking, Bengali-speaking, and Tea-tribes, who are unique in their origin and culture. Homegardens provides an opportunity to exert a positive environmental influence and play a significant role in catering to the continuous requirement of resources that are deeply rooted to the culture and identity of the ethnic population. Understanding the interplay between ecological and social systems will be immensely helpful in deducing an effective and sustainable conservation strategy for the region that is rich both in its biodiversity and ethnicity.