Trophoblasts are specialized cells of the placenta that play a crucial role in blastocyst implantation, placenta formation, and fetal-maternal exchange during pregnancy. Once the primary chorionic villi are formed, distinct subtypes of trophoblasts can be identified throughout pregnancy. Trophoblastic cells associated with the chorionic villi are known as villous trophoblasts, while those found in other locations are referred to as extravillous trophoblasts. Chorionic villi consist of an inner mesenchymal core and a surface trophoblastic cell layer. The mesenchymal cells and blood vessels are directly connected to the fetal circulation via the umbilical cord. The surface of the chorionic villi is covered by two layers of trophoblasts: an inner mononuclear cytotrophoblast layer and an outer multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast layer. Additionally, the cytotrophoblasts at the apices of anchoring villi differentiate into villous intermediate trophoblasts, forming trophoblastic columns, which likely give rise to two subtypes of extravillous intermediate trophoblasts: implantation site intermediate trophoblasts and chorionic-type intermediate trophoblasts. Placental trophoblasts exhibit various patterns of cytokeratin, trophoblastic, and other immunohistochemical markers.