This chapter introduces the theoretical and empirical context of the book, defining what a gender-just citizenship entails in deeply divided transitional societies, as well introducing theories that address the intersections of ethno-nationalism, gender and citizenship. Transversal politics and agonistic peace are briefly discussed in relation to women’s cross-community activities and political participation. This chapter then introduces Northern Ireland as a case study and discusses the methods used to collect and analyse the research data on which this book is based. Following this, it outlines the main arguments of the book and its research contributions. Lastly, it includes an outline of the book.