Public Communication in Central and East European Democracies
摘要
The chapter takes a snapshot of what is known about the empirical situation of the hybrid political information environment in Central and Eastern Europe. The chapter examines the six areas which contribute to our understanding of how citizens’ democratic engagement is shaped, including: the supply of political information; quality of news; media concentration and diversity of news; fragmentation and polarization; relativism in news; and the degree of inequality in political knowledge. While these areas are well studied in Western Europe, in CEE countries they are still unfamiliar. The chapter sees the present hybrid public sphere as a consequence of the critical juncture, or crisis, in the communication system and argues that resulting changes differ according to various broader country contexts. The argument is then developed: that in some instances the hybridity of the communication system is doubled by the hybridity in the political system, where the crisis is manifested in the increased use of old political logics and practices which predate democratic times alongside new media logics from the digital age.