This paper aims to enhance the design efficiency of the saw blade module in a novel frame saw machine by developing a multi-objective mathematical model grounded in the concurrent design concept. The model incorporates three quality criteria—total mass of the saw blade and counterbalances, shaft rotation speed, and saw blade thickness—alongside eight design parameters and nine constraint conditions. A multi-objective optimization program was subsequently developed using the Parameter Space Investigation (PSI) method to identify valid and Pareto-optimal solutions. The conducted research demonstrated that the optimization significantly improved the quality criteria of the sawing module with a short computation time. The proposed method is effective and holds potential for broader application in the mathematical modeling and design of other complex mechanical systems.