The U.S. has long been one of Sweden’s most significant partners and allies. Until recently, Sweden had effectively relied on U.S. support for its national defence instead of seeking NATO membership, a strategy exemplified by the ‘Hultqvist Doctrine’. However, in light of global shifts such as the first Trump presidency and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Sweden reevaluated its defence strategy, ultimately joining the alliance in March 2024. A second Trump term will have significant effects on Swedish and European security, as it risks weakening NATO and straining EU-U.S. relations. In response, policy recommendations include increasing the EU’s military and financial support to Ukraine, strengthening the EU’s China strategy and involving the U.S. in European defence initiatives.