This research focuses on determining the efficiency of using human resources and comparing the base median cost of human resources. The research establishes a classification of approaches to assessing human resources and presents an algorithm for analyzing them. This algorithm enables the integration of micro- and macro-level human resource characteristics, facilitating comparative analysis through a three-stage process. The information base of the research consisted of the results of questionnaires, testing, a survey of citizens and employees of organizations, conducted by the authors in 2023–2024, and statistical data and research. As a result of the research, the authors found that the base median cost of human resources for Russia, Belarus, China, and the USA is 44057635 rubles, 36753150 rubles, 70715149 rubles, and 290542668 rubles, respectively, at the exchange rate as of April 29, 2024. Human resource efficiency in the Russian Federation was measured at 44%. Based on calculations of the base median cost of human resources, it is predicted that efficiency in the USA and China exceeds 44%, while in Belarus, it is expected to be below 44%. The results obtained confirm the hypothesis put forward in the research.