The research aims to explore the unique characteristics of Uzbekistan’s railway transport and transit policy within the contexts of international and domestic frameworks. It highlights the political and economic advantages associated with forthcoming transport initiatives slated for execution in the country. The authors emphasize the critical role of transport and transit policy priorities in sustaining the nation’s economic stability in the twenty-first century, utilizing methodologies such as comparative analysis, systemic analysis, rationality, and historicity. The launch of international transit corridor projects can be seen as a reflection of political cooperation. The enhancement of transportation routes in the region and the implementation of innovative projects are vital for promoting stability and trade relations with neighboring countries and advanced economies worldwide. This research includes various transport agreements established between Central Asia, China, Afghanistan, and the Russian Federation, along with the expected impacts of future projects. Between 2017 and 2021, Uzbekistan witnessed significant improvements in cargo circulation metrics within its transport sector, leading to better living standards and increased income for its citizens. The country’s pragmatic approach to foreign economic policies has enabled it to support international megaprojects related to transport corridors. The focus on advancing the transportation industry has highlighted the urgent need to train a skilled workforce in Uzbekistan, reflecting the growing demand for highly qualified professionals in the transportation sector.