In the design of a refugee camp, careful attention must be given to adequate infrastructure and utility components such as drainage, water, and sanitary systems since they affect inhabitants’ lives. Besides housing infrastructure, communal facilities such as community gathering spaces, schools, clinics, and administrative centres are necessary as long-term needs in a refugee camp. Utilities should be given the highest priority and be considered from the beginning of the site planning phase. Every refugee camp has needs and conditions for utilities and infrastructure that must be met to ensure healthy living. This chapter focuses on the essential infrastructure and utilities necessary for providing a safe and sustainable environment within refugee camps during emergencies. The initial establishment of shelters is followed by the construction of physical and social infrastructure, while challenges arise due to unpredictable administrative and municipal needs. The difference between conventional and refugee camp development lies in the semi-permanent nature of infrastructure and utilities. The drainage system plays a pivotal role, with proper planning required to ensure efficient water management, minimize erosion, and prevent flooding. Flood-prone areas must be avoided, as improper drainage can damage shelters and access routes. Sanitary sewers, solid waste management, wastewater treatment, and pest control are vital aspects of maintaining hygiene and preventing diseases within the camp. Clean water is a basic human right ensured through comprehensive water supply systems. The chapter also underscores the significance of fire breaks, community facilities like schools, places of worship, and marketplaces in promoting community well-being and engagement. A Rohingya Refugee Camp case study in Bangladesh illustrates how a whole settlement approach involving careful site planning, development, and active community participation can effectively address infrastructure and utility needs while minimizing environmental impact.