This chapter discusses about the different human and physical aspects of the study area, i.e., Murshidabad district, West Bengal, India. The first section of this chapter deals with the background of the district, where the geographic location, a brief history, and present administrative divisions are presented in systematic ways. The physical features, i.e., physiography, geological structure, drainage pattern, ponds, and soil of the study area have been discussed in the second section. Subsequently, the aspects like climate, flora and fauna, demographic profile, economic elements, and transportation have been interpreted. Various maps and diagrams have been drawn to illustrate the data in different sections. The physical and human aspects of the district, especially related to agriculture and its development have been explicated. The discussion and analyses of this chapter are based on secondary sources of data mostly obtained from government offices. The essence and importance of this chapter can be observed in the succeeding parts of this book.