In this paper, I will discuss the representation of identical twins in speculative fiction (SF) with a particular emphasis on their utopian/dystopian potential. Apart from the archetypal and mythological connotations and from the psychological problematic of individuation and identity, twins are political icons. Since the late nineteenth-century twinship has been embroiled in political debates centred on control of human reproduction and the ensuing utopian aspirations, and dystopian fears. Twins and clones are central to Foucauldian biopolitics today. But this centrality is as much a legacy of the past as it is a foreshadowing of the future. This essay will consider how contemporary SF contends with the blighted memory of eugenicist utopia, while also relating the problematic of twinship to the wider issues of contingency and social change.