This chapter examines the three structural pillars of the European Green Deal: a comprehensive package of over 50 proposals across key economic sectors, measures to establish the EU as a global leader in the green transition, and the launch of a European Climate Pact to engage citizens. Novel features of the package include a holistic, higher-level integration of environmental sustainability across all EU policies, ambitious legally binding targets, and unprecedented financial investments, including the Just Transition Mechanism to support regions most affected by the transition. While widely praised for its visionary and ambitious approach, the European Green Deal has also faced criticism for its perceived lack of ambition, protectionist tendencies and uneven policy implementation, reflecting the variety of opinions and challenges in reshaping Europe’s environmental, social and economic landscapes.