With rapid urbanization, effectively separating household and construction waste is vital for environmental protection and resource recovery. This study aims to optimize the performance of disc screen equipment in separating these waste types. By adjusting the inclination angle of the disc screen and the shaft speed of the discs, the optimal parameter settings were determined to maximize separation efficiency and accuracy. The triangular disc screen equipment XS-S-1560, featuring adjustable inclination angle and shaft speed, was utilized for the experiments. Household and construction waste from the Yangzhou region of China were used as experimental materials. The results demonstrated that, for household waste, an inclination angle of 0° and a shaft speed of 75 rpm achieved a screening efficiency of 97.507%. For construction waste, an inclination angle of 14° and a shaft speed of 80 rpm resulted in a screening efficiency of 94.949%. These findings provide scientific evidence for the application of disc screen equipment in material recycling facilities, contributing to enhanced economic and environmental sustainability. The developed regression models provide reliable predictions for optimizing disc screen operations, ensuring higher purity and market value of recycled materials. This research underscores the importance of tailored optimization for different waste compositions and highlights the potential for further advancements in solid waste treatment technologies.