As a result of the marginalization of the concept of landscape after the Kiel Geographers’ Conference in 1969, there was no comprehensive examination of landscape from a critical perspective, as was the case in the English-speaking world. One critical perspective that was developed follows on from the ‘Frankfurt School’ and deals with the question of how the ‘the systemic colonization of the lifeworld’ took place in the physical landscape through an intentional domestication (especially through economics and politics). Another follows the ‘class’ and ‘capital’ theories of Pierre Bourdieu and deals with the question of which patterns of power and distinction underlie the social construction of landscape.