Although radioactive minerals have been known since the late nineteenth century, the first economic manifestations were identified in 1937. The creation of the National Atomic Energy Commission in 1952 during the presidency of General Perón allowed the beginning of a systematic search for radioactive mineral deposits and their exploitation. Once again, the initial operations were led by Eng. Victorio Angelelli, who was in charge of the exploration program. This included aero-radiometric flights and important field surveys, mineralogical studies, and drilling in the more promising areas. These studies allowed the discovery of important sedimentary deposits in the Salta Group basin in the north, in upper Cretaceous deposits in the Neuquén basin, and in the San Jorge Gulf basin in Patagonia. Although there were exploitations in the basement of the Sierras Pampeanas such as the Schlagintweit mine, the sedimentary deposits were the most important. Among them, the Don Otto, Huemules and Sierra Pintada mines stand out, which allowed the country to meet its needs. In more recent years, the sedimentary deposits found in the Upper Cretaceous Chubut Group in Patagonia, where the most important reserves are located, have gained importance.