Argentine geologists began to work at the Geological Survey, among whom the first two stand out: Franco Pastore and Juan José Nágera, who graduated from the University of Buenos Aires in 1914 and 1915. However, the first Argentine geologist was José María Sobral, who after participating in the Swedish expedition to Antarctica, went to Sweden with Otto Nordensjöld to study at the University of Uppsala, graduating in 1912 as a geologist. At the beginning of the 20s, the economic crisis reduced the budget of the Direction of Mines and Geology. Due to this, most of the German geologists left the institution, and Hermitte and Keidel retired as director and head of the Geology division. Jose M. Sobral was appointed as the new director of Mines and Geology. These were very hard years with a low budget, and a reduced number of geologists in the survey. Among them, Augusto Tapia stood out for his Antarctic research and Luciano Catalano for his mining studies. The most notable geological contributions were those carried out by Sobral’s group of Swedish geologists based on his relations with his former colleagues at the University of Uppsala. Among them, the one who made the most important contribution was Carl Caldenius for his glaciological studies in Patagonia. From this group of Swedish geologists, Tor Hagerman also stood out in sedimentology, and Eric Ljunger in his surveys of the Bariloche region. In 1930, when Sobral left the institution, dark years came for the Directorate of Mines and Geology, with no budget and almost no geologists.