This chapter traces the evolution of civil–military relations in Brazil from the monarchical period (1822–1889) to 2024, emphasizing the shifting dynamics between presidents and the armed forces. It begins with the monarchical period, which had the armed forces under civilian control and follows through the republican period, marked by frequent military interventions and coups. The chapter highlights key constitutional changes and their impact on military roles, particularly during the military regime (1964–1985). Post-1985, the focus shifts to the advances and setbacks in establishing civilian control. The chapter concludes with an analysis of military political power from 1946 to 2022, using quantitative measures like cabinet militarization, military spending, and personnel structure. This historical account provides a nuanced understanding of Brazil’s fluctuating civil–military relations.