The cement industry is one of the major Greenhouse Gas (GG) emitters. The research provides information about the organization of environmental protection activities at a cement plant. The authors showed the results of the gradual achievement of positive results in the field of ecology through the implementation of ESG principles using the best available technologies. To implement the provisions of the Paris Agreement, the Russian Federation has developed a Strategy for Social and Economic Development with Low GG Emissions until 2050. The criteria for projects of sustainable (including green) development in the Russian Federation (taxonomy of green and adaptation projects) have been established. At most enterprises, the level of GG emissions reaches 800–900 kg/t of Portland cement clinker. The targets are: (1) to ensure that carbon intensity for gray clinker is less than 0.766 t CO2-eq., less than 0.987 t CO2-eq. for white clinker, and less than 0.92 t CO2-eq. for cement when using the dry method or combined production; (2) to replace 10% or more of natural raw materials with waste from various industries. The replacement of process fuels may be considered an eligible project. Calculations show that the most significant effect in reducing CO2 emissions is the transfer of technology to the use of natural gas instead of coal. In the structure of GG emissions from coal-fired operations, about 36% is formed due to fuel combustion. For example, when switching to gas, a plant with a capacity of 1.8 million tons of cement annually reduces CO2 emissions by 15% (from 0.804 to 0.684 tons of CO2 per one metric ton of clinker).